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The Averno is made of a volcanic crater. Its tough nature forced the lake to remain isolated and without residential settlements until the end of the first century b.C. The lake of Lucrino is closed to the sea and was therefore characterized by a considerable urbanization and an economic utilization since the beginning of the first century b.C.
Slowly the Lucrino started being appreciated by the Roman aristocracy because of its villas. In 37 b.C. they began to biuld the Portus Iulius and therefore the istmus - that divided the Lucrino lake from the sea and the Averno lake - were cut.
From the earliy imperial age until the fourth century a.C. the Lucrino- Averno can be considered as a unique huge residential and thermal site.
Thanks to its thermal natural sources, this area was not forgotten in the middle ages. The Anjou and Aragon courts did want to revalue the Phlegrean therms. In 1299 Charles II of Anjou decided to buils an hospital for the free aid for the poor people. In 1538 many earthquakes that created the Monte Nuovo damaged the baths and the warm sources, ruining the intence tourism in this area. The Lucrino zone was changed very much; it did not happen to the Averno lake that on the contrary has been preserved mysterious and solemn as it was seen by the ancient writers .