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Tiberio Fiorilli, born in Naples in 1608, better known as Scaramouche, triumphed in Paris with his company called Troupe Italienne, becoming the most well known play-actor of the Commedia dell'Arte of his age, thanks to his mimic skill, to his quickness and accuracy while acting and to his natural joyfulness. Scaramouche's character is inspired to a Captain of Neapolitan origins, always inclined to run away from troubles, of whom Fiorilli exhalted his boastfulness and vainglory; the actor also gave Scaramouche more personal features, substituting the sword with the guitar and taking off the mask, saving his black dress - black was the typical Spanish aristocratic colour. At the half of XVII century, when cardinal Mazarino received him at court, he conquered the French capital and reached the height of his glory , getting a resounding success in spite of his several journeys to Italy. The Parisian theatrical life was based on this character for long time . Since 1658 on, the Troupe Italienne, whose star was Scaramouche, entered in competition with Molière 's company, causing its slow and inevitable decline. In spite of his infirmities and private troubles, Tiberio Fiorilli did not leave the stage, going on to play his character until his old age . He still performed when he was 81. Fiorilli-Scaramouche died in 1694. Unfortunately, almost all Scaramouche's pieces had been lost through the years. The only pièce left is " Quando l'amor comanda! " written and performed by Fiorilli- Scaramouche.